Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning; Cédric Gueguim; Aurelle Yondo; Maeva Ngouoyou; Alain Ragon; Hortense Gonsu Kamga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning, Cédric Gueguim, Aurelle Yondo, Maeva Ngouoyou, Alain Ragon, Hortense Gonsu Kamga

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 6 December 2021 Accepted: 5 January 2022 Published: 17 January 2022

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Abstract

Groundwater is a precious and essential natural resource for many uses. Its use for food or hygiene purposes requires an excellent microbiological quality to avoid waterborne diseases. The study objective as to investigate the bacteriological quality of groundwater in the “Don Bosco’’, area located at Mimboman in the city of Yaoundé. Household surveys were conducted to identify the main source of drinking water supply. After identification of the different boreholes, water samples were taken from 10 boreholes. Bacteria were isolated after filtering 100 ml of the sample from each borehole through a 0.45 µm microporosity membrane. This membrane was then deposited on the surface of agar plates incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2h. After subculturing on different media, the pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural and biochemical characteristics. A total of 95 households were surveyed and it was found that the main source of drinking water was boreholes (65.5%). The probable sources of pollution were latrines located above the boreholes (8/10), followed by a lack of disinfection after 6 months (7/10). Bacteriological analyses showed that the borehole water consumed by the population of Don Bosco does not meet WHO standards with a non-conformity of 50% for total flora, 38.8% for total coliforms, 31.5% for faecal coliforms and 31.5% for faecal streptococci. Six (06) general and bacterial species were isolated: group D streptococci (30%), Escherichia coli (30%), Shigella (5%), Salmonella (5%), Yersinia enterocolitica (5%) and Aeromonas (5%). In this study, the detection of a variety of germs in ground water indicates that these waters are unfit for consumption. As a result, there is an urgent need to move the latrines in question and to proceed with regular and appropriate disinfection of the wells in the Don Bosco area in Mimboman district, to guarantee a life quality for the population that consumes this water.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater, Bacteria, Contamination, Mimboman

References

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APA Style

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning, Cédric Gueguim, Aurelle Yondo, Maeva Ngouoyou, Alain Ragon, et al. (2022). Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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Bernadette Fokou Bomgning; Cédric Gueguim; Aurelle Yondo; Maeva Ngouoyou; Alain Ragon, et al. Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2022, 10(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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AMA Style

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning, Cédric Gueguim, Aurelle Yondo, Maeva Ngouoyou, Alain Ragon, et al. Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2022;10(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11,
  author = {Bernadette Fokou Bomgning and Cédric Gueguim and Aurelle Yondo and Maeva Ngouoyou and Alain Ragon and Hortense Gonsu Kamga},
  title = {Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20221001.11},
  abstract = {Groundwater is a precious and essential natural resource for many uses. Its use for food or hygiene purposes requires an excellent microbiological quality to avoid waterborne diseases. The study objective as to investigate the bacteriological quality of groundwater in the “Don Bosco’’, area located at Mimboman in the city of Yaoundé. Household surveys were conducted to identify the main source of drinking water supply. After identification of the different boreholes, water samples were taken from 10 boreholes. Bacteria were isolated after filtering 100 ml of the sample from each borehole through a 0.45 µm microporosity membrane. This membrane was then deposited on the surface of agar plates incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2h. After subculturing on different media, the pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural and biochemical characteristics. A total of 95 households were surveyed and it was found that the main source of drinking water was boreholes (65.5%). The probable sources of pollution were latrines located above the boreholes (8/10), followed by a lack of disinfection after 6 months (7/10). Bacteriological analyses showed that the borehole water consumed by the population of Don Bosco does not meet WHO standards with a non-conformity of 50% for total flora, 38.8% for total coliforms, 31.5% for faecal coliforms and 31.5% for faecal streptococci. Six (06) general and bacterial species were isolated: group D streptococci (30%), Escherichia coli (30%), Shigella (5%), Salmonella (5%), Yersinia enterocolitica (5%) and Aeromonas (5%). In this study, the detection of a variety of germs in ground water indicates that these waters are unfit for consumption. As a result, there is an urgent need to move the latrines in question and to proceed with regular and appropriate disinfection of the wells in the Don Bosco area in Mimboman district, to guarantee a life quality for the population that consumes this water.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon
AU - Bernadette Fokou Bomgning
AU - Cédric Gueguim
AU - Aurelle Yondo
AU - Maeva Ngouoyou
AU - Alain Ragon
AU - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
Y1 - 2022/01/17
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11
AB - Groundwater is a precious and essential natural resource for many uses. Its use for food or hygiene purposes requires an excellent microbiological quality to avoid waterborne diseases. The study objective as to investigate the bacteriological quality of groundwater in the “Don Bosco’’, area located at Mimboman in the city of Yaoundé. Household surveys were conducted to identify the main source of drinking water supply. After identification of the different boreholes, water samples were taken from 10 boreholes. Bacteria were isolated after filtering 100 ml of the sample from each borehole through a 0.45 µm microporosity membrane. This membrane was then deposited on the surface of agar plates incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2h. After subculturing on different media, the pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural and biochemical characteristics. A total of 95 households were surveyed and it was found that the main source of drinking water was boreholes (65.5%). The probable sources of pollution were latrines located above the boreholes (8/10), followed by a lack of disinfection after 6 months (7/10). Bacteriological analyses showed that the borehole water consumed by the population of Don Bosco does not meet WHO standards with a non-conformity of 50% for total flora, 38.8% for total coliforms, 31.5% for faecal coliforms and 31.5% for faecal streptococci. Six (06) general and bacterial species were isolated: group D streptococci (30%), Escherichia coli (30%), Shigella (5%), Salmonella (5%), Yersinia enterocolitica (5%) and Aeromonas (5%). In this study, the detection of a variety of germs in ground water indicates that these waters are unfit for consumption. As a result, there is an urgent need to move the latrines in question and to proceed with regular and appropriate disinfection of the wells in the Don Bosco area in Mimboman district, to guarantee a life quality for the population that consumes this water.
VL - 10
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning

Department of Biology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Littoral Region, Cameroon
Cédric Gueguim

Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Central Region, Cameroon
Aurelle Yondo

College of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
Maeva Ngouoyou

Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Central Region, Cameroon
Alain Ragon

Laboratory of Hemodialysis Water Control, Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
Hortense Gonsu Kamga

Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Central Region, Cameroon

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APA Style

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning, Cédric Gueguim, Aurelle Yondo, Maeva Ngouoyou, Alain Ragon, et al. (2022). Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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ACS Style

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning; Cédric Gueguim; Aurelle Yondo; Maeva Ngouoyou; Alain Ragon, et al. Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2022, 10(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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AMA Style

Bernadette Fokou Bomgning, Cédric Gueguim, Aurelle Yondo, Maeva Ngouoyou, Alain Ragon, et al. Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2022;10(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11,
  author = {Bernadette Fokou Bomgning and Cédric Gueguim and Aurelle Yondo and Maeva Ngouoyou and Alain Ragon and Hortense Gonsu Kamga},
  title = {Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20221001.11},
  abstract = {Groundwater is a precious and essential natural resource for many uses. Its use for food or hygiene purposes requires an excellent microbiological quality to avoid waterborne diseases. The study objective as to investigate the bacteriological quality of groundwater in the “Don Bosco’’, area located at Mimboman in the city of Yaoundé. Household surveys were conducted to identify the main source of drinking water supply. After identification of the different boreholes, water samples were taken from 10 boreholes. Bacteria were isolated after filtering 100 ml of the sample from each borehole through a 0.45 µm microporosity membrane. This membrane was then deposited on the surface of agar plates incubated at 37°C and 44°C for 24 +/- 2h. After subculturing on different media, the pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural and biochemical characteristics. A total of 95 households were surveyed and it was found that the main source of drinking water was boreholes (65.5%). The probable sources of pollution were latrines located above the boreholes (8/10), followed by a lack of disinfection after 6 months (7/10). Bacteriological analyses showed that the borehole water consumed by the population of Don Bosco does not meet WHO standards with a non-conformity of 50% for total flora, 38.8% for total coliforms, 31.5% for faecal coliforms and 31.5% for faecal streptococci. Six (06) general and bacterial species were isolated: group D streptococci (30%), Escherichia coli (30%), Shigella (5%), Salmonella (5%), Yersinia enterocolitica (5%) and Aeromonas (5%). In this study, the detection of a variety of germs in ground water indicates that these waters are unfit for consumption. As a result, there is an urgent need to move the latrines in question and to proceed with regular and appropriate disinfection of the wells in the Don Bosco area in Mimboman district, to guarantee a life quality for the population that consumes this water.},
 year = {2022}
}

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